How to remove a double chin

Unpleasant, unattractive, ugly roller, called the people a second chin, in medicine referred to as excess soft tissue in the chin area. Mortals of this scientific name no better: it creates an unattractive wrinkle face shape, oval shape change, and makes the look and fuller and more than we really are. The peculiarity of the second chin is his presence not only in people with obesity, but also quite slender, predominantly Click Here!">women. Click Here!">Fatty crease in the chin area can be attributed to age-related features that better to prevent an excess of adipose tissue in the body - from what is easier to get rid of, and finally, the anatomical features of the structure of the face, jaw, which gives the set of anxieties, worries and complexes.

Exercise of any kind, carried out for the chin area are, rather, to the category of preventive measures, but the impending change in the oval and the sinking bottom line person because of Click Here!">weight gain, and they can help bring the situation back to square one and put his chin in place.

Tightly pressed his chin to his chest. Without taking it to the rotation head left and right.
Popping on the chin back of his hand for 3 minutes, after inflicting cream.
Straining the lower jaw, say the sounds of "o", "and", "Y", continuing to exercise for 5-7 minutes.
After the exercises should be mineral poultice, which again will improve blood circulation and provide a lifting effect. To do this, dilute a tablespoon of sea salt without dyes and flavors in a glass of mineral water without gas. This solution soak terry towel, then take him to the ends and slap himself on the chin. Perform these movements carefully, not acting on the neck, not touching the larynx. 15-20 times is enough.

Having undertaken for the prevention of double chins or combat has begun to change, forget about exercise, where you want to crane your neck, trying to delay as much as possible on the chin. Such "treatment" not only will not bring results, but also provokes stretching of the skin, which soon becomes flabby and obvisnet, forming a fold, which will eliminate the only physician-estetist using a scalpel.

In more severe cases of double chins, which are age-related changes, not amenable to delicate measures, or explicit too much fat, can help professionals ofClick Here!"> health centers and cosmetic surgeries.

Mesotherapy gave birth mezodissolyutsii - the newest method of struggle against excess fat on the chin. Hypodermic medication destroy fat cells very quickly, stimulating the synthesis of collagen and elastin, responsible for the formation of a smooth and durable framework for the face. To completely eliminate double chins recommended rate of up to 10 procedures.

Among other, more traditional salon techniques used for the return of the smoothness of the lines of those large demand massage, in particular hand-and vacuum, which provide excellent lymphatic drainage effect.

Procedure manual massage, conducted with the help of ad hoc subsidiary of cosmetics, can in 8-10 treatments to reduce or even eliminate the severity of wrinkles on the chin.

Vacuum massage on the effectiveness and impact than intensive manual. It is remarkably toxins, stimulates local metabolism, tightens skin, not letting it sag after the procedure.

After a course of massage need to independently monitor the chin area, not allowing the fat to go back.

Radical method of getting rid of double chins - plastic surgery. It is shown with much severity of the disability, especially when it comes to adulthood, in which more sparing techniques may not be sufficiently effective.

This is a fairly safe procedure, when the second chin actually cut, and the skin is stretched. After the operation you need to wear a compression bandage for about a week.

Flu shot

Millions of people around the world each year become ill with flu. Thousands imparted, but this does not always save them from the traditional seven-day spending time in bed, surrounded by inhalers, instant bulk antipyretics, antibiotics and peppermint lozenges. Do we need a vaccination against influenza? Why inculcated? Why vaccinated people still get hold of the influenza virus on a par with those who saved themselves from this procedure? These questions are obsessed with us as soon as the approaching autumn-winter period.

Why vaccination

Vaccination against influenza is recommended World Health Organization as the only way to protect themselves from the virus and build a strong immune protection for your body. This defense is not one hundred percent. Vaccination does not prevent the flu entirely, but reduces the risk of contracting an infection.

Incidence of influenza in the vaccinated individuals are not uncommon, and they are sometimes a problem due to mismatch vaccine virus.

There are several varieties of influenza virus, and they fit into a simple classification of the types: A, B and C. Type A virus is most dangerous, distressing and covering us this pandemic or severe epidemic. Type B virus infects more local areas on the degree of their characteristics is more lenient. Influenza type C is not well understood, we know that he is the least dangerous, does not lead to serious consequences.

The influenza virus contains the surface antigens that define the different strains of the same type of virus. Every year, these strains are changing, that is, to us comes to the mutated virus, which is needed vaccine, developed specifically for him. When developing a vaccine remains the hope of correct forecasts regarding the WHO strain, which will contain a new virus sample. Make it as difficult as accurately as possible - the mechanism of change in strains is not clear completely. If influenza vaccine does not contain material against the new strain, despite the common features of all types of virus, its effectiveness is reduced by 2-3 times.

What is the vaccine

Any flu vaccine contains viruses that get into the body, stimulating it to an active struggle, producing antibodies. Otchilie significant vaccine this flu virus that we often teach inactivated virus (not the content of live virus) or live, but in small doses. The latter, being more effective, can provoke a greater number of complications.

2 weeks after vaccination in the body have already accumulated protective proteins, which, at a meeting with this virus, come from outside, recognize it and destroy.

Who needs vaccination

Despite the fact that the flu are sick all, there is a group of people most in need of vaccination against the virus. These include:

- Children who have transient immunity, especially if they attend child care;
- People, often transferring upper respiratory tract;
- Persons suffering from immunodeficiency states;
- Older people (after 50 years).
There are categories of citizens eligible for vaccination because of certain conditions is contraindicated or may cause serious adverse reactions. These are people suffering from chronic diseases of the nervous, urogenital system, blood diseases and endocrine system, heart failure, bronchial asthma, as well as pregnant women and persons with an allergy to chicken protein.

Vaccination against influenza, introducing viruses into the body, can cause adverse reactions, even in healthy people not suffering from the above contraindications.

The most common reaction to the vaccine - redness at the injection of a Dream, which takes place within 1-2 days. More serious are chills and fever after 6-12 hours after vaccination. A couple of days of them not a trace left.

Do or not do the flu shot - a rhetorical question, and unambiguous answer to it there. Thoughtlessly resist vaccination not worth it, but consider it a panacea - too. Better, after weighing the pros and cons, and make an informed decision.

Amenorrhea

Violation of the menstrual cycle is often combined with infertility. Therefore, parents of girls who have time (at age 16 and later) is not started menstruating, should definitely apply them to a gynecologist - a timely examination and treatment will help restore disturbed functions and give the future a woman joy of motherhood.

What is amenorrhea

Amenorrhea - the absence of a menstrual bleeding for six months or more in the age of 16-45 years. As a natural phenomenon of amenorrhea in this age occur during pregnancy and lactation. Pathological (not included in the concept of the norm) amenorrhea is a sign of an underlying disease of female genital sphere and is usually accompanied by infertility. Amenorrhea is divided into primary and secondary.

Primary amenorrhea - Causes and symptoms

Primary amenorrhea - a condition in which menstruation was never in my life. The reasons for this state may be different. Thus, primary amenorrhea, which is accompanied by lack of puberty, usually caused by a hereditary (genetic) profound hypoplasia of the ovaries.

Most amenorrhea, combined delayed puberty is associated with changes in the brain. For example, tumor or trauma of the hypothalamus (the brain section that controls the autonomic nervous system, responsible for the functioning of the internal organs and blood vessels, as well as the regulation of the endocrine glands). In such a condition amenorrhea combined with various neuro-psychiatric disorders. Amenorrhea may cause disruption of the pituitary gland (the main endocrine glands, which is located in the brain and the "team" activities of other glands). Amenorrhea can also occur against the background of violations of the adrenal gland - in their congenital hypoplasia or with various diseases (eg, tumors).

In primary amenorrhea women have hypoplasia of mammary glands, lack of sexual body hair, intersex (the average between male and female) figure. The examination revealed hypoplasia of both external and internal genital organs. In the ovaries there is no formation of follicles, ovulation is absent. The uterus and ovaries are reduced in size.

Sometimes puberty, women are not violated, but your period does not occur because of the underdevelopment of the uterus and other violations of internal genital organs.

Treatment of primary amenorrhea

Treatment of primary amenorrhea is the conduct of the hormone. It used hormonal preparations, which contain female sex hormones (estrogens and gestagens), contributing to the maturation of ovarian follicle containing an egg breaking this follicle (ovulation) and release the egg into the uterus, and then to the fallopian tube to meet with the sperm and fertilization . These same hormones are preparing the mucous membrane of the uterus to the introduction of a fertilized egg. Cycles of hormone replacement therapy are carried out for 3-4 months, after a break of 1-2 months they spend in a long time.

Secondary amenorrhea - the causes and signs

Secondary amenorrhea - absence of menstruation after a period of regular or irregular menstrual periods. The reason for such violations can be changes in the central nervous system - the so-called psychogenic or stress-amenorrhea caused by various mental injuries that result in changes in metabolism and development of a violation of female sex hormones. Such states are often encountered in wartime. Changes in the internal and external genital organs do not arise.

Similar changes occur with a sharp rise or loss of body weight. Amenorrhea in the loss of body weight usually occurs in young women, who use different diets for losing weight. Body weight at the same time reduced to 25% of the age norm, there is a moderate decrease in the mammary glands, external and internal genital organs (eg, decreases in the size of the uterus). In all such cases, the patient required psychiatric consultation for the exclusion of mental illness - anorexia nervosa.

Amenorrhea with increasing body weight may be caused by different mechanisms that lead to metabolic disturbances and reduce the development of female sex hormones.

Finally, secondary amenorrhea may occur against the background of any disease of the uterus, ovaries or adrenal glands (eg, the growing tumor, etc.).

Treatment of secondary amenorrhea

Treatment of secondary amenorrhea depends on the reasons for its caller. When emotionally stressful because of amenorrhea appointed soothing drugs, recommended removal of traumatic factors. But any soothing drugs usually inhibit the production of female sex hormones, so these hormones are introduced in addition in the form of medicines, nominated short course for 3-4 months.

If amenorrhea occurred against the backdrop of a sharp increase or weight loss, treatment is carried out in conjunction with a gynecologist or endocrinologist, gynecologist-endocrinologist - explains the reasons behind this phenomenon and is appointed by appropriate treatment.

With a lack of weight is assigned nutrition, drugs containing digestive enzymes (which help digest food), vitamins and minerals necessary for the normalization of metabolic disorders.

Any violation of the menstrual cycle - a sign of trouble, and the signal that requires the intervention of a doctor.

Otoplasty

Physiognomists argue that men endowed with outstanding musical ability, large ears, thin, somewhat protruding, often - covered with hair. If this fact you are not completely comforting, straight path to you - in the clinic of reconstructive and aesthetic surgery, consult a plastic surgeon about otoplasty.

What is otoplasty?

Otoplasty (from the Greek. Othos - ear) - the general name of a great number (about two hundred) versions of plastic surgery at the auricles. Otoplasty conventionally divided into reconstructive (restoration auricle varying degrees of damage), and aesthetic or cosmetic (improving the appearance of the ear or ear canal). Reconstructive Otoplasty is often needed after the injury, but under the cosmetic otoplasty mean correction "prominent ears, change in shape and / or size of the ear, the improvement in the lobes.

Reconstructive Otoplasty

Previously widespread view was that full recovery of the ear - in fact, "growth" of the ear from the ground up - a problem not just difficult but impossible, and in any case, the ear will be no match for the ear "real," natural. Now it is gradually yielding to a fantastic view of reality - the plastic surgeons are able to create such an auricle, which can be proud of not only the patient but also his parents - for the good genes they passed to her baby.

The process of creating a new ear consists of several stages and lasts about a year.

First stage: from the rib cartilage of the patient create a cartilaginous skeleton of the future of the ear.

Second stage: the generated skeleton is placed in a subcutaneous pocket created on the site of the missing ear.

Third stage: after the frame ASU (about half a year), its disconnect from the head of the movement of the ear lobe to the required position, and in the BTE region emerged skin graft wound is closed by the patient.

Fourth Stage: Deepening and shaped tragus.

"New" ear looks like now, and eventually begins to be felt by this (of course, except for hearing), as noted its "artificial" origin can only be very close examination. But, unfortunately, reconstructive otoplasty not restore hearing, though, no doubt, makes a man of his communications with the outside world.

Aesthetic otoplasty

Various methods of surgical correction of the forms known to the ears of 40-ies of the XIX century, and now used in cosmetic otoplasty techniques have been formed in their present form about 50 years ago.

Aesthetic correction of the ear - on "nestrashnaya" operation, it is even an outpatient, under local or general anesthesia. When competently performed operation does not leave any trace, and the cuts, which take place on the back of the ear, it is not noticeable.

That's why experts recommend to correct "droopy ears" at an early age, starting from six years and not injure the psyche of the child a constant struggle with peer ridicule and the need to pick up her hair.

After Otoplasty

After the operation at the time of healing impose a supportive bandage, she wraps her head as a kind of turban. It must be a week, regularly visiting the doctor to monitor the process of healing wounds and routine dressings. After three to five days after removal of bandages and sutures removed. Both of these manipulations should be performed only in a medical facility.

Some time after the operation the operated area may throb and ache, and ears, some time will remain red or bruised. The normal color is restored by the end of the second week. Within 3-6 weeks is recommended to wear a special protective bandage ears. Within a month after surgery otoplasty is necessary to avoid intense physical loads and swimming pool and sauna. After 6 months of complete healing of the ear.

But if all of the above for you "too, can bring relief by the fact that the omniscient physiognomists feel small, close to the head and ears a sign of falsity of vengeance ...

Vaginitis

Vaginitis - a disease of the external genitalia, which is based on inflammation of the mucous membrane of the vagina. Most of this inflammation develops in the penetration of pathogenic or opportunistic microorganisms. However, sometimes vaginitis arise as a result of the burn of the vagina, the aggressive impact of different chemicals, local allergic reactions of the organism or the penetration of a foreign body.

The cause of infectious vaginitis can be a variety of bacteria: streptococci, staphylococci, mycoplasma, fungi, and many others. Some are by their nature, are aggressive to humans, others are part of the microflora of the vagina and not cause any inflammatory changes until at least until some negative shift in the immunity of women. Call such a shift may be unhealthy lifestyle (smoking and alcohol abuse, poor diet), uncontrolled hormonal therapy, constant fatigue, nervous strain, etc. Vaginitis may contribute to the emergence of other infectious diseases, and menopause. And antibiotics can affect the ratio of populations of microflora in the vaginal environment that allow opportunistic microorganisms show their activity and cause disease.

The main symptoms of vaginitis - a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen, itching or burning sensation in the area of the external genitalia, the allocation of them. Unpleasant sensations can be amplified when passing urine. Pain is also aggravated during sexual intercourse, for this reason, they sometimes become impossible. For menopausal vaginitis often characteristic appearance of bleeding. This is due to thinning of vaginal mucous cover, thus it is easy to trauma.

The above symptoms characteristic of acute vaginitis. If the disease becomes chronic, it is often asymptomatic, only occasionally become accentuated with the supercooling, after stress, infectious contamination, etc.

Diagnosis of vaginitis is based both on clinical manifestations, and the results of laboratory studies. The external examination marked edema and hyperemia (redness) of mucous membranes of the vagina, sometimes with foci of hemorrhage point. By the nature of precipitates can be pre-judged on the pathogenic organisms. Thus, a large number of foamy discharge with an admixture of pus indicates trihomonoznom vaginitis, while thick curdled whites are characteristic of fungal vaginitis. To detect the pathogen by laboratory methods mikroskopiruyut swab from the vagina. If there are certain assumptions about the bacteria, the swab can be painted the appropriate dye. Even more accurate data provide such methods of identifying the causative agent, as the crops on specific nutrient media, with further study under the microscope, PCR reaction and direct immunofluorescence.

Before treatment is extremely important to determine the cause of the disease. If you were able to establish the nature of infectious vaginitis, be sure to see "in person" and of the parasite to know with whom and how to fight. To conduct this test on the sensitivity of the microorganism to the antibiotic. To this end, laboratory dishes with the same nutrient media after pre-seeding of the test agent is applied solutions of different antibiotics. After some time, evaluate the results: a cup of the growth of the pathogen colonies expressed the least (ideally should be a complete lack of growth), the antibiotic and should be treated.

If the necessary douching with antiseptics, and at their end - binders. Very useful for irrigation or bath of chamomile or lactic acid, spark plugs, or with the appropriate antibiotics. Also doctor may prescribe physiotherapy procedures. At the same time to increase the immunity being restorative therapy.

The principles of prevention is personal hygiene and activities medical type is generall nature.

Asthma

Bronchial asthma - a common chronic disease of the respiratory system, occurring approximately ten percent of children and six - seven per cent of the adult population. Unfortunately, as statistics show that these numbers continue to grow. Among the major causes of asthma attacks distinguish allergic component and hyperreactivity of the mucous membranes of the bronchial tree.

Under hyperresponsiveness understand a condition in which it may be a pathological immune response, which in this case is characterized by elevated slizeobrazovaniem on the surface of the mucous membrane of the bronchi, inflammation of mucous edema itself and the sharp reduction of smooth muscle of the bronchi. These three factors and lead to a sharp narrowing of the bronchi and the deterioration of lung ventilation. However, the disease can develop without the participation of allergic component. For example, chronic bronchitis, when the bronchial mucosa hypertrophied and almost constantly in a state of swelling, onset of obstruction (difficult terrain), the bronchi may occur even after a few breaths of cold air.

In the mechanism of development of bronchial asthma attach great importance to hereditary factors. Indeed, the risk of contracting asthma is much higher for that child, whose closest relatives are asthmatics. Adult person becomes a victim of the disease for several reasons. Thus, some experts consider asthma as adults late diagnosed diseases. In this case, they imply the existence of the disease since childhood, but a number of reasons disease is hidden, in mild form, with very long periods of remission (absence of symptoms in chronic illness) and had no typical clinical symptoms, including asthma. A second cause of asthma in adults is the occurrence of pathology at the background of direct contact with the occupational hazard. Thus, in terms of production in the air of the workplace can be a variety of chemical compounds: the marginal and unsaturated hydrocarbons, vapors of organic solvents, formaldehyde, ammonia and many other factors with which a person living conditions occurs very rarely and with much lower concentrations in the air . Under the constant inhalation of such substances in humans can develop bronchial asthma, which would already be professional.

What are the symptoms characteristic of asthma? First, it is a strong and prolonged cough, which often begins his attack. Secondly, the abrupt shortness of breath, which is based on the three physiological mechanism that we have already considered. Inhaling become noisy, to provide access of air to the lungs the patient has to connect the auxiliary respiratory muscles. Sigh accompanied by wheezing. Thirdly, the patient feels a strong pressing pain in the chest. However, these pains are not related to heart, and result from hyperextension pleural membrane light containing a large number of sensitive receptors. The disease can occur with varying degrees of severity, with one and the same patient. In the most severe cases, there are so pronounced obstruction of the bronchi, that a person can die from suffocation. To prevent this, it is important to be able to very quickly cut short (stop) attack. To this end, produced a special inhalers, which are taught to use each asthmatic patient. In addition, to prevent an attack is very important to determine what kind of an allergic component (which is also called the trigger) triggers asthma. This will allow to avoid contact with the allergen and to ensure long-term remission. Unfortunately, this is often difficult not only because the body's response to a trigger, usually occurs only after some time, but also because of the widespread distribution of these allergens. Suffice it to say that the most characteristic of them are house dust and pet hair.

Tianshi

The end of the twentieth - the beginning of the twenty-first century are marked rapid development of a variety of companies specializing in the implementation of health-improving food additives. Among the most famous can recall "Herbalife", "Neways," "New Life" and many others. But should allocate a separate corporation "Tiens, which differs not only a set of exclusive patented technology used to manufacture their own products, but also a number of other features.

Perhaps one of the most exceptional features of "Tianshi" is the active participation of members of the corporation in public life and unselfish use of its own capital to good purposes. Thus, the company "Tiens permanently allocates funds for school construction, the development of public institutions of new scientific technologies, the organization of activities to address the effects of disasters and other emergencies, as well as financial assistance to the population. In total, for all time of its existence, the corporation has spent more than sixteen million dollars for various kinds of donations. The figure is very impressive, and it is unlikely that any other firm with a similar activity was close to this indicator to the company "Tiens". By the way, a corporation also exists for exactly sixteen years. Maybe it's just a curious coincidence, perhaps the company management decided to allocate each year to meet public needs at least one million dollars. This fully meets the principles that were formulated by the founder of the company LD Yuan ( "Bringing health to serve the people and develop an industry") and deserves the deepest respect.

Not less worthy of recognition and respect, and the product itself "Tiens". First of all, we should note its high reputation not only among ordinary users, but also among experts. Nutritional Supplements "Tianshi" (as well as other types of products) have an international standard of certification and are recognized in all economically developed countries. Repeatedly production of "Tianshi" was awarded the highest awards from the World Health Organization. And this is not surprising, given the range of therapeutic actions, the quality and effectiveness of food supplements. Thus, the points of application of biopharmaceuticals "Tianshi" are bodies of the cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system, digestive system and urogenital tract, respiratory system and immunity, as well as the complex links the central nervous regulation, sensory organs, and more. Practically there is not a single biological tissue in the body for recovery which could not find any means of all the mighty arsenal of products "Tiens". Unique biological agents can not only prevent or significantly reduce the time of recovery from any illness, but also increase the chances in the fight against deadly illnesses, including those with malignant cancer.

Of particular note is the technology of special varieties of calcium, called "organic", which not only removed from the bone tissue-specific manner, but also saturated with other useful components (vitamins, trace elements, various organic substances). The essence of this technology is to increase the degree of assimilation of calcium. The importance of this process becomes evident when we recall that the degree of calcium necessary for the organism may well be comparable with the oxygen. From calcium depends largely on nutrient intake in each cell, the stability of the entire striated muscle (including myocardium), the activity of clotting activity of key enzyme systems, permeability of nerve signals along the axons and dendrites (so-called processes of nerve cells) and much more. Not accidentally organic calcium is the pride of the corporation "Tiens" and is a member of several of its drugs.

Today the products of "Tianshi" is one of the leading drugs used to prevent and treat diseases and health promotion.

Gestosis pregnant

The birth of a child - is not only a great happiness, but also a great responsibility which rests on the shoulders of the mother. For nothing could harm the baby during pregnancy, it is better to plan. The fact that a planned pregnancy involves a complete survey of parents not after, but before conception. In such cases detected and prolechivayutsya all chronic diseases and foci of infection - this greatly reduces the number of complications during pregnancy. Gestosis (toxemia) of pregnancy - a condition that occurs in the second half of pregnancy and is characterized by impaired function of vital organs and systems.

It happens that mellitus occurs in healthy women, but such a phenomenon occurs much less frequently than mellitus, emerged against the background of some other disease. Usually it is kidney disease, cardiovascular system, chronic intoxication (eg, smoking), foci of infection (eg, chronic tonsillitis), hormonal disorders, endocrine disease. Negative impact on the body of a pregnant woman is also supported by chronic stress, overwork, poor diet and daily routine (eg, sleep), sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition to gestosis. Gestosis as often happens with very young women and women who first give birth after 37 years.

As a result of certain irregularities in the body of a pregnant woman is a compression (spasm) of the blood vessels that leads to an increase in their pressure and vypotevaniya liquid part of blood through the walls of blood vessels (edema formation) tissues of the body of a pregnant woman begin to receive less nutrients and oxygen that calls to them at first unnoticed, then all the more difficult changes. Particularly hard to react to the lack of blood supply to the brain, kidneys and placenta. Inadequate blood supply to the placenta can cause the development of placental insufficiency - serious complications, which leads to intrauterine fetal development.

Signs of gestosis of pregnant

Gestosis develops gradually, initially appears hydrocephalus pregnant if you do not take any action, then it goes into the next stage - nephropathy during pregnancy, which can end tragically - pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in pregnancy.

Dropsy pregnant appears edema. Due to the large amount of fluid in the body of the body appear at first hidden (rapid weight gain of pregnancy - more than 350 g per week), and then clear edema. Most of these swellings appear first in the feet and gradually move upward, being a woman with no suffering that can lead to the fact that she did not turn in time to the doctor.

Against the background of persistent edema woman appears at first transient (eg, stress), and then a permanent increase in blood pressure. The figures enhance the individual, but every woman should know their working pressure and if it suddenly begins to rise on a regular basis, it is a sign that the need to seek medical advice immediately. In the women's clinic in the survey will be revealed yet another sign of nephropathy - a protein in the urine. In addition, even in this period optometrist can detect vascular spasms fundus, suggesting that disturbed cerebral circulation.

If this woman does not receive state aid, the nephropathy may go into pre-eclampsia, when one begins to change on the part of the brain. The first sign of pre-eclampsia is a long-term headache. Then can join visual disturbances (flashing flies before his eyes), nausea, abdominal pain, insomnia, irritable weakness. Blood pressure during this period is held at high figures, and even growing.

Eclampsia begins with convulsions, which lasted about two minutes, and often provoked by bright light, sharp sound, pain, stress, etc. It initially appears a prolonged spasm (patient literally bend in an arc), then the small seizures of arms and legs, loss of consciousness. In some cases, against a background of high blood pressure woman immediately falls into a coma.

Eclampsia can be complicated by cardiac and renal failure, bleeding in internal organs, including the brain, premature detachment of normally situated placenta, fetal death.

Treatment of gestosis

Treatment of gestosis, carried out only in the hospital. Houses can leave women with little swelling and then only if they fulfill all the doctor's prescription.

Woman with gestosis the treatment of diuretic, lowers blood pressure and calming drugs.

One of the main directions in the treatment of such women is the prevention and treatment of delayed intrauterine fetal development. If the pregnancy is large enough, the phenomenon of gestosis not decrease and the fetus is suffering - it is an indication for delivery.

Remember: women's clinics invented not only to treat gynecological diseases. Their main function - this observation for pregnant women and prevention of possible complications of pregnancy and childbirth. If a woman during pregnancy, regularly visits his doctor, the percentage of complications from her repeatedly reduced.

Hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism

Neuroendocrine disorders in women, leading to infertility, are the actual problem of modern medicine. The problem is not only medical but also social, including demographic importance. Infertility of neuroendocrine origin, according to the World Health Organization, is 35-40% (of all cases of infertility). Androgens - a male sex hormones, which are developed testicles in men and ovaries in women. In addition, both men and women, they produced the adrenal cortex.

Androgens influence the development of secondary sexual characteristics, but also regulate the growth and development of male sexual organs. They affect the metabolic processes, causing the so-called anabolic effect (stimulating effect on protein synthesis in the body). In the women's body androgens used as raw materials for the formation of female sex hormones estrogen, as well as the facilitation of ovulation (release an egg from the ovary for fertilization). In a large number of androgens on the contrary, delaying ovulation, so as not give the egg is fully mature. In addition, an excess of androgens inhibits the production of progesterone (the second female sex hormone, which plays an important role during pregnancy) that affect pregnancy and may cause miscarriage.

The normal number of primary androgen - testosterone in women is 0,2-1,0 ng / ml.

Causes of hyperandrogenism

Hyperandrogenism or virilism - is the appearance in a woman's masculine traits. This happens as a result of excessive production of androgens. Excess androgens can produce both adrenals, and ovaries. In addition, an excess of androgens can result from metabolic disorders.

Adrenal hyperandrogenism may be congenital in nature, occur in diseases (including in tumors), pituitary gland (the main endocrine glands, which is located in the brain), with adrenal tumors. Ovaries allocate increased amount of androgens in the presence of polycystic them or tumor.

Some signs of hyperandrogenism may be the norm, for example, some people (including many of the Caucasian peoples). This is explained by the fact that they have an innate sensitivity of the skin to androgens.

As evident hyperandrogenism

Manifestations of hyperandrogenism - a male pattern body hair, baldness, changes in voice and physique, changing the properties of the skin.

Body hair or male pattern hair growth called hirsutism on the face and body in women: the hair may grow on the chest, back, arms and legs, as well as on the face. The growth of hair on the body combined with male-pattern baldness: from the temples and forehead. The voice also virilescent: it becomes lower. The skin becomes greasy, porous, and shows the acne. Changes the structure of the body due to the redistribution of fat: hips become more narrow, shoulder belt - wide. Mammary glands are reduced.

Menstrual function is broken, until the complete absence of menstruation (amenorrhea). Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism can lead to obesity and diabetes, such phenomena tend to occur when changes in the pituitary gland and hypothalamus (area of the brain that is responsible for regulating the activity of all glands).

Particularly fast these symptoms appear and grow in the presence of tumor of the ovary or adrenal glands.

In the development of hyperandrogenism in childhood begin an intensive growth of bone and skeletal growth of children ahead of their peers, but then the growth zone in the bones close, and the growth stops, as a result of such children are distinguished by low growth.

Diagnosis of hyperandrogenism

Diagnosis is based on determining the degree of hyperandrogenism, its source (the adrenals or ovaries) and the nature of the process (what kind of disease it caused).

A study of hormonal background of women, as well as ultrasound and X-ray examinations of the adrenals and ovaries. To clarify the nature of the process used a computer and magnetic resonance imaging, and in some cases, a laparoscopy (an introduction through a small skin incision in the body of a special apparatus - laparoscopy, which allows you to consider organ inside and take a piece of tissue for examination).

Treatment of hyperandrogenism

If hyperandrogenism caused a tumor, then it is removed. In other forms of conservative treatment is carried out: appointed by the drugs that suppress the production of androgens (eg, bisekurin, Diana). If the disease of "blame" the adrenal glands, for the regulation of their activities prescribed glucocorticoid hormones. Also effective therapy, which stimulates ovulation. In the absence of the effect of conservative treatment, surgical treatment is carried out, for example, removing part of the ovary with polycystic.

Forecast hyperandrogenism

Weather is usually favorable. Timely treatment can normalize all the functions. Worst of all body hair is treatable, but this is now possible to handle. Tumors that contribute to hyperandrogenism, usually benign and occur rarely recur after removal.

Remember: the most important time to see a doctor and in no case shall engage in self-medicate. Hormonal disorders, women - it is a separate very complex science, engaged in by specially trained doctors, gynecologists, endocrinologists.

D'Arsonval

Title darsonvalization gave French physiologist Jacques-Arsene d'Arsonval, which was first studied in detail the impact of high frequency electric current to the body and began to apply it at the end of XIX century. Since it d'Arsonvalya much headway, the method is studied more thoroughly and improved. Darsonvalization used in many fields of medicine and cosmetics, and devices for its implementation called d'Arsonval. Spectrum of d'Arsonval very wide, but most often they are used to address cosmetic skin problems, as well as hair loss and diseases of the scalp.

If the problem is not cosmetic, but there is a real medical disease, d'Arsonval help and get rid of it.

Electric high-voltage treat:

cosmetic and medical skin problems (acne, oily or flabby skin, psoriasis, pruritus of different origin, atopic dermatitis, herpes, edema, cellulitis);
diseases of the scalp and hair (oily seborrhea, hair loss, hair loss);
diseases of the cardiovascular system (hypertension, atherosclerosis of the brain);
dental health (pulpitis, gingivitis, stomatitis);
Violations of the nervous system (neuralgia, neurasthenia, neurosis, sleep disorders, inflammation of the nerve plexus, posttraumatic conditions of the nervous system);
urinary sphere (incontinence, impotence, prostatitis, frigidity, the erosion of the uterus, vaginismus).
Darsonvalization help cope with long non-healing wounds, bleeding, diseases of veins, varices, postoperative scarring, heals burns and frostbite.

Compared with such broad potential for applications, a list of contraindications for the use of d'Arsonval not so great. First, if you are allergic to electricity darsonvalization, of course, be excluded from treatment. In other contraindication is pregnancy, severe conditions such as epilepsy, malignant tumor formation, coagulation failure, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary tuberculosis. Application pacemaker precludes the possibility of parallel use of d'Arsonval.

Darsonvalization can be local or general.

Local impact by means of vacuum electrode with sparse or completely exhausted of air. The voltage causes ionization and the appearance of electrical discharge, which penetrates deep into the skin and works there.

For the general Darsonvalization person sitting or lying position should be put in the so-called "cage d'Arsonvalya", which is a coil of a tuned circuit - a special circuit, which affects the entire body. General darsonvalization used to improve health in the event of a decrease of immunity, frequent headaches, general fatigue, insomnia, stress, hypertension and other vascular irregularities, with metabolic disorders.

D'Arsonval activates biochemical processes in the skin, increases blood circulation, thereby improving nutrition of tissues. As a result, cells become less sensitive to stimuli, reduced pain threshold, pain relief occurs. With regular use d'Arsonval improved efficiency, reduced headaches, normalize sleep, increases immunity.

Darsonvalization thanks to the latest technological developments is now available not only in specialized medical institutions, but also for self-use. By purchasing a compact camera d'Arsonval can help your health at home, and, in the absence of serious illness causes the body to stimulate its own resources, to restore function.

D'Arsonval different devices low price, easy to use for each and widely available. The convenience of this method of treatment is that the procedure does not take much time and requires no special skills treatment apparatus or additional training.

Protein diet

The value of protein for the body immensely. No wonder it has long been called the foundation of life. Researchers alien spaces is even such a concept: if the study the planet will be detected protein, which means that here there is life! So, no more, no less. However, to our knowledge, spectroscopic and other precision non-contact methods of research are still nowhere outside of our atmosphere is not possible to detect even the simplest amino acid. But to return to Earth.

Describing the function of proteins, can identify several of their classes:

transport. These proteins are involved in the transport of other substances. As an example well-known hemoglobin - a carrier of oxygen and carbon dioxide;
catalyst (or enzyme). This variety of proteins, like chemical catalysts, speeding up various processes of transformation of one substance to another. For example, lipase promote lipolysis, proteases - proteins, etc.;
immunozaschitnye. Of these proteins, antibodies, and many factors serum immunity;
receptor. As the name implies, this class of proteins is a member of various receptors, including those by which transmits nerve impulses;
motor. Because of the variety we are able to move in space. Best-known representatives of this group are the muscle proteins actin and myosin;
regulators. This class includes extensive group of hormones;
coagulation proteins and antisvertyvayuschey system (thrombin, prothrombin, fibrinogen, fibrin, etc.);
plastic. These proteins were mainly construction material, which provides a characteristic specific properties of the tissue. For example, collagen and elastin in our skin provides the necessary firmness and elasticity.
In other words, adequate intake of protein covers a significant proportion of the body's need for nutrients. Simultaneously, the protein is not an energetic material for the body. This combination of properties has led to the fact that the world learned of the existence of the so-called protein diet. Its effect is that in order to obtain additional quantities of energy are beginning to break down its own fat reserves. Protein diet - just ideal for those who do not feel in itself sufficient willpower and am not sure that will be able to withstand any other diet and not to "vent". After all, with the protein diet is not the feeling of hunger. The only requirement - that an adequate supply complete proteins with a sharp restriction of fats and carbohydrates (the complete exclusion of these nutrients can not say at least because almost all protein foods, they are still present). Therefore, the sweetness will have to forget. Just as on wheat bread, butter products, pasta, salt and spices. But meat, fish and eggs must enter the menu protein diet.

One of the possible schemes of the protein diet is as follows. The first breakfast consists of a cup of coffee with skim milk and no sugar. Additionally eat low-fat curds or yogurt. At the second breakfast drink a couple cups of mint green tea, can with some fruit (less sweetness in the fruit, the better). At lunch a small plate of soup, a bit of black bread, a light vegetable salad. At lunch one fruit or a light vegetable salad, drink low-fat yogurt. At dinner, two hundred grams of veal with a salad of cauliflower and some rye bread.

Because the protein diet provides a sufficient number of construction material, while it can take up their physical training. Besides strengthening the muscles they will support your skin in the desired tone.

Within two weeks of the protein diet (no longer recommended), there is a loss of three to seven kilograms. An additional advantage is the preservation of its metabolic rate, which makes it easier to keep the achieved effect. However, it should be prepared for that as a result of a shortfall of vitamins and mineral elements may be brittle hair and dry skin, and decreased performance. Do not use protein diet during nephrotic and digestive diseases, as well as old people.

Blood

As you know, the blood - is a unique biological fluid, having a wide variety of properties, and performs a huge number of functions ranging from transportation and finishing protective. Most of these properties and functions are common, ie common to all members of the human race, but some characteristics of the blood purely individual. Such was, for example, refers to a group of blood.

What is the blood group from which it depends and which has practical significance? Blood - is one of the genetic components of each person, which is inherent in the genetic apparatus and is transmitted from the parents. We all know that there are only four blood types. But what is determined? Why does one person the first group of blood, and another quarter? It turns out that everything depends on the structure of red blood cells, the same red blood corpuscles, which carry oxygen and cells derive carbon dioxide. Erythrocytes represent a bull of a spherical shape, but with repeated increases with an electron microscope is becoming apparent that the surface of red blood cells very often "littered" a wide variety of microstructures that each person has a different structure, shape, spatial location, etc. Without going into deep details, we note that these microstructures, known as antigens, many properties depend on red blood cells, including blood group. For antigens that define blood group coined the term complex "agglyutinogeny. Why? Soon find out ...

Total, there are two types agglyutinogenov: A and B. How can this be, because we do not have two groups of blood, but four? It is very simple. If a person has agglyutinogen A, then had a second group of blood, if B - third. Often, however, red blood cells do not have agglyutinogenov. In this case we speak about the first group of blood. Or, conversely, the same red blood cells are present both antigens. As you may have guessed, in this case it is about the fourth group.

Other mandatory components of each of the blood groups are special protein complexes - hemagglutinins, which are constantly circulating in the plasma. Thus, for the first group is characterized by the presence of blood α-and β-agglutinins, for second - only β, for the third - only α. Fourth group of blood does not contain agglutinins. Thus, antigenic characteristics of each blood group is as follows:

I - 0 (α, β);
II - A (β);
III - B (α);
IV - A, B (absent).
Supervisory reader drew attention to the fact that none of the blood groups do not occur with the same name and hemagglutinins agglyutinogeny (ie, A and B and α or β). Otherwise, they would have entered the agglutination reaction and glued to each other. That's where these erythrocyte antigens and plasma protein complexes is a specific name (agglutinate - connect, stick together). Glued red blood cells lose the ability to carry oxygen, and settle very quickly destroyed. The process of destruction of red blood cells is so fast that a person can die within minutes. Therefore blood transfusion or red cell mass in the first group determine the patient's blood, and then closely monitored his physical condition during the transfusion. The main problem with this is not allowed to hemagglutinins patient "met" with agglyutinogenami blood. More than anything in this regard, the "lucky" people with the fourth group of blood. Since their plasma, no agglutinins, they can pour the blood of any group. But patients with the first group can only pour the blood of the same group. But "pervogruppniki" can be donors for all blood groups.

Inheritance of blood group person gets one gene from his father, the second - from the mother, ie blood group is always represented by two genes. These genes and determine the antigenic structure of erythrocytes. And what kind of blood is obtained if one parent will inherit the gene of the first group (ie, "zero"), but on the other - the second group (ie A)? In this case, the child will be with the second group of blood, presented as A0. The situation is similar to the third group. But the pair with the first and the fourth group of children may be only the second (A0) or third (B0) blood group, but certainly not the first or the fourth. In this context, doctors know a lot of tragicomic stories, when the infuriated husband, who blamed his no innocent spouse in "treason," managed to calm down, just focusing on the mysteries of hereditary transmission of blood groups.

Myopia

Nearsighted people very much, some of them see well and do not pay attention to his defect, other short-sightedness is becoming a problem: blurred vision interfere live and work or do not allow you to choose one or another profession. In most cases, all of these people can be helped with corrective eye glasses, lenses or by surgery. As is known, the eye is an optical system, which refracts rays of light reflected from a particular subject.

In the optical system of the eye include: the outer casing of the front surface of the eye (the cornea), as well as the crystalline lens, vitreous body and aqueous humor, which fills the cavity of the eyeball. This refraction of light is called refraction. In normal refaction refracting rays intersect at the rear of the inner membrane of the eye. At various violations of refraction they intersect, or before or after the inner membrane of the eye.

Myopia and its causes

Myopia - Myopia is, that is such a visual impairment, where people could see up close and bad - into the distance. Greek myopia is translated as "squint eye." This name arose because for a short-sighted man squinting characteristic, it can more clearly see distant objects.

If myopia is a violation of refractive power - the rays of light entering the eye after refraction does not overlap on the retina, and in front of her because of violation of the contractile capacity of the ciliary muscle. The reasons for this phenomenon can be two: increase the size of the eyeball in the anteroposterior direction (axial myopia), and strengthening eye refractive power (refractive myopia).

Most of myopia appears during prolonged stress view. In the initial stages it may be just a spasm of the muscles governing the curvature of the lens (ciliary muscle) and it can be removed with the help of antispasmodic (relieves spasms) drugs. If at this moment not to take the necessary measures, it violated the contractile ability of the ciliary muscle and myopia becomes permanent.

The symptoms of myopia

Myopia may be different degrees, from mild, in violation of refraction up to 3.0 diopters, to moderate (3.0 - 6.0 diopters) and a high of 6.0 and above, in some cases up to 30.0 diopters.

The weak and the average degree of myopia usually does not interfere with a person engaged in professional work and lead a normal life. Frequent squinting leads to the appearance of fine wrinkles at the corners of the eyes of such people sometimes, especially after an intense visual load, they start to flicker "fly" before their eyes, are not particularly alarming, and can pass on their own.

The high degree of myopia may be a problem for humans. Correct it is not as easy as a weak and secondary degree. Since the eyeballs of the people is rapidly increasing in the anteroposterior direction, their appearance has the characteristic features: the eyes are made prominent, eye-slit widened eyes wide.

There is a special form of myopia - a progressive or malignant. The peculiarity of this form is that the eyeball is growing very rapidly, increasing the degree of myopia. This is fraught with complications, as well as stretching the inner membrane of the eye (retina), and disrupted the activities of the blood vessels. Such growth of the eyeball can cause hemorrhage and retinal detachment, which will lead to severe disturbances of vision.

Diagnosis of myopia

The diagnosis of myopia is usually put on the basis of complaints, placed on the patient and the examination ophthalmologist confirmed the data of instrumental investigations.

First of all, with the help of special tables tested visual acuity with special lenses that eliminate nearsightedness. Then, a skiascopy - a special study that conclusively proves the presence of myopia. But the doctor directs a beam of light in the pupil of the patient, rotating the ophthalmoscopic mirror. Moving the light spot in the illuminated pupil with normal vision, farsightedness and nearsightedness is less than 1 diopter in one direction, while above 1.0 diopters of myopia - in another.

To confirm the short-sightedness and determination of its extent, is also being refractometry eyes - the measurement of refraction with the help of special devices (refractometer). With the help of ultrasound measured length of the eyeball in the anteroposterior direction and the thickness of the cornea.

Ends with a survey exception of complications. This is held ophthalmoscope - fundus examination of the state (visible inner surface of the eyeball) with a special instrument - ophthalmoscope.

Treating myopia

Myopia can be treated by correcting glasses, contact lenses and with the help of surgery. The latter type of treatment is becoming increasingly popular. In myopia weak and moderate laser cut a very thin layer of the cornea, thereby reducing its refrangibility, resulting in myopia completely passes. At high degrees of myopia such an operation does not work, so such patients to remove the lens, replacing it with individually matched with a soft lens.

Durables careful treatment (both conservative and surgical) requires progressive malignant myopia, as well as treatment of complications of myopia.

Prevention of myopia

For the prevention of myopia to exclude unnecessary approximation of objects to the eyes, the strong inclination of the head forward and down. Operating room should have good natural and artificial lighting.

Persons with complicated myopia should avoid anything that might cause a rush of blood to the head, use tinted glasses, moderate-intensity, to avoid physical and mental stress.

Oral contraceptives

In today's world there is a sufficient number of methods of contraception: the natural, barrier, hormonal and surgical. Funds set and they are selected individually. Allowance and the age and health status of women. Reasonably convenient and reliable method of contraception for many women are oral contraceptives. Their great number, but the main difference from each other - this is the composition of hormones. So there are combined oral contraceptives (COCs), progestin (mini-drink) and postcoital taken after unprotected sex.

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) contain in their composition two hormones - estrogen and progesterone. CCO divided into three types. For example, there is monophasic when the amount of hormones varies throughout the cycle, two-phase, three-phase (different combinations of hormones).

Minipill contain only one hormone - progestin. Their efficiency is lower than the CCO, but there are some pluses. Basically they are assigned to those women who have serious contraindications to receiving combination therapies: nursing mothers, women in their forties, etc.

Postcoital contraceptive, or another emergency ambulance. Apply if the sex was unplanned, if the condom broke, or after the rape. They are used not later than 2-3 days after intercourse. These pills contain a variety of hormones and a very negative effect on the body of women in general, so they need only take the advice of a gynecologist, and in extreme situations!

All oral contraceptives have pluses and minuses.

Of course, one of the main advantages of oral contraceptives, especially the CCO, is a high contraceptive efficacy. Another plus - in their therapeutic effect. Oral contraceptives prevent some causes of infertility, regulate the menstrual cycle, with painful periods, many women suffer from a noticeable relief. In addition, oral contraceptives guard against certain diseases, such as ovarian cancer and endometrial from osteoporosis. There is also a positive effect on acne, the treatment of increased body hair, with hair loss.

In addition to the positive properties of oral contraceptives have a number of negative points.

First, oral contraceptives require a high degree of organization, because skipping a single oral increases the risk of becoming pregnant. Secondly, their effectiveness is reduced, while taking certain medications (tranquilizers, some antibiotics). And the most important negative oral contraceptives - they do not protect against sexually transmitted infections (AIDS, venereal diseases, etc.).

Any pills, including oral contraceptives have their contraindications and side effects. Morning after pill is absolutely contraindicated in women with diabetes mellitus, with varicose veins, high blood pressure, smoking. The fact that one of the main side effects of these pills is that they can trigger blood clots, resulting in a corking of vessels, most likely in the presence of these diseases.

Can not fail to mention some issues that arise in many women with oral contraceptives.

One of the major concerns of those - a decreased sex drive. Experts explain this by the fact that oral contraceptives affect the hormones in the body (changing the level of testosterone, androgens), but this may not necessarily lead to a decrease in libido. Perhaps the decline in sexual activity is not connected with pills, but with the emotional, the mental state of women with depression.

Next question - weight gain. Almost all oral means of contraception allow weight change. Someone thinner, and someone on the contrary, fullness - it all depends on the individual characteristics of each woman's body. Completeness can be associated with an increase in appetite, or water retention in the body. Therefore prone to overweight women in particular need to follow the diet, play sports, lead an active lifestyle. If there is a tendency to swelling, then this should tell your gynecologist, it is possible that they are associated with diseases of the cardiovascular system, and then the hormone pills are contraindicated. In any case, require careful examination.

And one the most frequent question - what to do if you forget to take a pill.

First, you should immediately take the pill as soon as remembered her, and following the usual time, and secondly, be sure until the month to use other methods of contraception such as condoms. Although the probability of pregnancy occurs only when the interval between tablets to more than 12 hours.